Overview
The relationship between Websites/Stores/Store-Views, Products and Attributes, condensed into a pseudo Entity-Relationship diagram. Main points:
- One-to-many relationships
- Showing explicitly the per-scope settings for Categories and Products.
- (Per-scope attributes for Websites/Stores/Store Views themselves are not shown. Those are the settings at Stores > Configure.)
Diagram

PDF version
May be more tractable.